FORMULATED FEEDS
This is the combination or mixture of two or more feed ngredients(maize, groundnut cake, fish meal, soy bean meal, oyster shell, and bone meal) at different proportions to meet the particular need (growth, maintenance, reproduction) of a specific animal using locally available feed resources at lowest possible cost.
BENEFITS OF USING FORMULATED FEED
- It improves performance of the snail.
- It can be used to meet the specific requirement of the animal.
- It can be easily measured.
- It saves time and energy.
- It is good for commercial production of snail.
- It can be stored for longer period.
DEMERITS
- Knowledge of simple arithmetic is required.
- It is expensive.
- Milling machine is required.
REQUIREMENT FOR FEED FORMULATION
- Nutrients requirement of the animal must be known.
- Cost of the necessary ingredients must be known.
- Nutrients composition of the feed ingredients is essential.
- Availability of the feed ingredients.
- Little knowledge of arithmetic is required.
- The state (health, stages of reproduction) of the animal must be known.
- Use of computer.
METHODS OF FORMULATING FEED
- Pearsion square method.
- Trial and error method.
- Use of computer.
- Simple Pearsion method.
- Formulate a feed of 24% protein using groundnut cake and maize.
Solution
% protein of maize =10%
% protein of G.N.C =42%
Nutrient requirement =24%
MAIZE 10
G.N.C 42
Maize ►10 ∕52 x 24= 4.62%
G.N.C► 42 ∕52 x 24=19.38%
Check
Maize– 4.62∕24 x 100 =19.25
G.N.C- – 19.38∕24 x 100=80.75
——–
100
———
i.e.19.25% of maize and 80.75% of G. N.C are required to formulate a diet of 24% protein.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER FEED FORMULATION FOR SNAIL
• Avoid using adulterated, mouldy or infested ingredients
• The ingredients must be properly dried.
• Be sure that the ingredients are weighed correctly.
• The feed must be ground to finest particle size
• The attendants or the manager must be present at the feed mill.
• The finish feed must be stored in well ventilated dry place.
• NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SNAIL.
| PROTEIN | ENERGY | CALCIUM | PHOSPHORUS | |
| % | KcalMe/kg | ( % ) | (%) | |
| HATCHLING | 26 | 2200 | 3.5-4.5 | 0.6 |
| GROWERS | 24 | 2200-2400 | 3.5-4.5 | 0.6 |
| ADULT | 24-26 | 2200- 2400 | 5.5 | 0.6 |
Omole 2003.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME FEED INGREDIENTS
| Raw
Material |
Dry Matter (DM) % | Crude Protein % | Energy ME K Cal/kg | Ether Extract (Oil)% | Crude Fibre % | Lysine % | Meth. % | Calcium % |
Phosph-orus
% |
| MAIZE | 88 | 10 | 3434 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| GUINEA CORN | 89 | 11 | 3300 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.35 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.32 |
| MILLET | 88 | 10 | 2560 | 4.00 | 8.00 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| MAIZE OFFALS | 100 | 11 | 2500 | 2.80 | 12.00 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| Sorghum Offals | 100 | 9 | 2700 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| WHEAT OFFALS | 89 | 17 | 1870 | 3.50 | 8.5 | 0.90 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAILS
(A. marginata) FED WITH OR WITHOUT COMPOUNDED RATION
| PARAMETERS (MEAN) | PAWPAW LEAF(ALONE) | PAWPAW LEAF PLUS COMPOUNDED RATION | PAWPAW FRUIT ALONE | PAWPAW FRUIT PLUS COMPOUNDED RATION |
| DRY MATER FEED INTAKE (G/WEEK) | 41.8 | 46.9 | 42.3 | 47.9 |
| WEIGHT GAIN(G/WEEK) | 7.13 | 11.87 | 7.23 | 12.23 |
| FEED CONVERSION RATIO | 5.86 | 3.95 | 5.85 | 5.82 |
| WEIGHT OF EGGS (G/WEEK) | 4.51 | 5.65 | 4.54 | 5.82 |
| WEIGHT OF THE HATCHLING | 4.40 | 5.54 | 4.46 | 5.75 |
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